Tree slenderness and stability of Brazilian pine in a secondary forest
Vinicius Costa Cysneiros, Eduardo Luz de Souza, Leandro Correa Pinho, Allan Felipe Vuolo, Isabelle Roisin Soler Pereira
Abstract
The aim of this study was investigating the factors that render Araucaria angustifolia trees less stable in secondary forests to support the species conservation strategies. Nine plots were allocated in a Mixed Atlantic Forest where, buckling damage was observed among Araucaria’s trees. Then stability was evaluated using the tree slenderness coefficient (TSC), considering TSC≥80 as the critical stability threshold of buckling and breakage. Generalized additive models were fitted to describe variations in TSC in response to tree and plot characteristics. The tree-level characteristics DBH, TH, and canopy position significantly influenced the TSC, as well as competition with larger trees at plot-level. Slenderness decreased with tree size and increased with light competition, with small trees under competition having TSC values beyond the critical stability threshold. Therefore, to maintain more resistant and stable stands, small trees under intense competition should receive more attention and be favored in thinning procedures.
Keywords
Referências
- Alvares CA, Stape JL, Sentelhas PC, Gonçalves JLM, Sparovek G. Köppen’s climate classification map for Brazil. Meteorologische Zeitschrift 2013; 22: 711-728.
- Castro MB, Barbosa ACMC, Pompeu PV, Eisenlohr PV, Pereira GA, Apgaua DMG et al. Will the emblematic southern conifer Araucaria angustifolia survive to climate change in Brazil? Biodiversity and Conservation 2020; 29: 591-607.
- Carpanezzi AA. Modelo simples de Reserva Legal para terras de baixa vocação agrícola da Floresta Ombrófila Mista. In: Silva SR, editor. Modelos de Restauração de Reserva Legal com Araucária. Brasília: EMBRAPA; 2023.
- Chazdon RL, Broadbent EN, Rozendaal DMA, Bongers F, Zambrano AMA, Aide TM et al. Carbon sequestration potential of second-growth forest regeneration in the Latin American tropics. Science 2016; 2(5): e1501639.
- Cremer KW, Borough CJ, McKinnell FH, Carter PR. Effects of stocking and thinning on wind damage in plantations. New Zealand Journal of Forres Science 1982; 12(2): 244-268.
- Cysneiros VC, Machado AS, Pelissari AL, Urbano E. Height growth strategies of Mimosa scabrella along a chronosequence. Southern Forest 2022; 84(3): 215-224.
- Danner MA, Zanette F, Ribeiro JZ. O cultivo da araucária para produção de pinhões como ferramenta para a conservação. Pesquisa Florestal Brasileira 2012; 32(72): 441-451.
- Eisfeld RL, Arce JE, Sanquetta CR, Braz EM. Is it forbidden the wood use of Araucaria angustifolia? An analysis on the current legal budget. Floresta 2020; 50: 971-982.
- Griscom BW, Adams J, Ellis PW, Houghton RA, Lomax G, Miteva DA, et al. Natural climate solutions. PNAS 2017; 114: 11645-11650.
- Hess AF, Minatti M, Costa EA, Schorr LPB, Rosa GT, Souza IA, Borsoi GA, Liesenberg V, Stepka TF, Abatti R. Height-to-diameter ratios with temporal and dendro/morphometric variables for Brazilian pine in south Brazil. Journal of Forest Research 2021; 32(1): 191-202.
- Hernandez JO, Maldia LSJ, Park BB. Research Trends and Methodological Approaches of the Impacts of Windstorms on Forests in Tropical, Subtropical, and Temperate Zones: Where Are We Now and How Should Research Move Forward? Plants 2020; 9: 1709.
- IBÁ - Instituto Brasileiro de Árvores. Relatório Anual. São Paulo; 2023.
- IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species; 2021.
- Liebsch D, Marcilio-Silva V, Marcon AK, Galvão F, Mikich SB, Marques MCM. How do trees survive a cyclone? The relative role of individual and site characteristics over mortality. Austral Ecology 2021; 46: 1356-1365.
- Nykänen ML, Peltola H, Quine CP, Kellomäki S, Broadgate M. Factors affecting snow damage of trees with particular reference to European conditions. Silva Fennica 1997; 31(2): 193-213.
- Orso GA, Mallmann AA, Pelissari AL, Behling A, Figueiredo Filho A, Machado SA. How competition indices behave at different neighborhood coverages and modifications in a Natural Araucaria Forest in Southern Brazil. Cerne 2020; 26(2): 293-300.
- R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2021.
- Sellin A. Sapwood-heartwood proportion related to tree diameter, age, and growth rate in Picea abies. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 1994; 24(5): 1022-1028.
- Wang Y, Titus SJ, LeMay VM. Relationships between tree slenderness coefficients and tree or stand characteristics for major species in boreal mixed wood forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 1998; 28: 1171-1183.
- Wang J, Wang Y, Tian D, Wang W, Jiang L. Modeling response of tree slenderness to climate, soil, diversity, and competition in natural secondary forests. Forest Ecology and Management 2023; 545: 121253.
- Wood SN. Generalized Additive Models: An Introduction with R. Bath: Chapman & Hall; 2006
- Wonn HT, O’Hara KL. Height: Diameter Ratios and Stability Relationships for Four Northern Rocky Mountain Tree Species. WJAF 2001; 16(2): 87-94.
Submetido em:
19/07/2024
Aceito em:
22/07/2025
Facebook
Google+
Twitter
LinkedIn
Mendeley
StumbleUpon
CiteULike
Reddit
Email