14JAN

FLORAM recebe classificação A4 no Qualis Capes

A revista Floresta e Ambiente recebeu classificação A4 em Ciências Agrárias I no novo quadriênio 2021-2024 do Qualis Periódicos.

Agradecemos aos nossos autores, revisores, editores e demais colaboradores, que compartilham conosco essa importante conquista. 
Floresta e Ambiente
https://www.floram.org/article/doi/10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2025-0025
Floresta e Ambiente
Original Article Forest Management

Yield, Productivity, and Profitability of Intercropping System on Middle-Aged Clonal Teak Plantation

Rika Bela Rahmawati, Budiadi Budiadi, Suryo Hardiwinoto, Widiyatno Widiyatno

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2025-0025 FLORAM, vol.33, e20250025, 2026
PDF
PDF
SciELO
Downloads: 0
Views: 45

Abstract

Declining forest productivity and increasing food demand are major concerns in Java. Intercropping, which combines clonal teak with turmeric as shade-tolerant, is one approach to addressing these problems. This study specifically examined intercropping of medium-aged clonal teak with turmeric at various densities. The objective of this research was to examine the impact of stand density on the productivity and profitability of 10-year-old clonal teak and turmeric. The research was conducted from 2019 to 2021 in Ngawi. Two treatments were applied, namely stand density (1111, 833, 416, 312, and 250 trees/ha) and intercropping patterns. The results showed that a lower stand density significantly enhanced the standing stock. Intercropping resulted in a larger productivity than monocultures. Furthermore, the highest turmeric productivity at 18-month-old (±3.96 tons/ha) was observed at the second lowest density, while the highest curcumin (7.17%) was at a density of 416 trees/ha. Intercropping yielded a maximum NPV of USD 14,726.

Keywords

curcumin; financial analysis; stand density; turmeric

Referências

  • Acosta FC, Silva IM, Garcia ML, Melo RRD. Productivity and costs of harvester cutting of teak trees for thinning. Floresta e Ambiente 2021; 28(2): 1-8.
  • Ahsan R, Arshad M, Khushtar M, Ahmad MA, Muazzam M, Akhter MS, et al. A comprehensive review on physiological effects of curcumin. Drug Res 2020; 70: 441-447.
  • Arsyad M, Sabang Y, Agus N, Bulkis S, Kawamura Y. Intercropping farming system and farmers income. AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science 2020; 42(2): 360-366.
  • Asghari G, Mostajeran A, Shebli MK. Curcuminoid and essential oil components of turmeric at different stages of growth cultivated in Iran. Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009; 4; 55-61.
  • Ayub H, Islam M, Saeed M, Ahmad H, Asmari FA, Ramadan MF, et al. On the health effects of curcumin and its derivatives. Food Science & Nutrition 2024; 12: 8623-8650.
  • Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Luas dan penyebaran lahan kritis menurut provinsi (hektar), 2013-2018. Jakarta; 2020.
  • Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Statistik Indonesia. Jakarta; 2018.
  • Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Statistik tanaman biofarmaka Indonesia. Jakarta; 2017.
  • Bansal V, Joshi V, Meena SC. Agroforestry for sustainable rural livelihood: A review. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry 2021; 12(10): 2529-2537.
  • Basri E, Wahyudi I. Sifat dasar kayu jati plus Perhutani dari berbagai umur dan kaitannya dengan sifat dan kualitas pengeringan [The basic properties of superior teak of various ages and their relationship to the nature and quality of drying]. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan 2012; 31; 93-102.
  • Berrocal A, Gaitan-Alvarez J, Moya R, Fernández-Sólis D, Ortiz-Malavassi E. Development of heartwood, sapwood, bark, pith and specific gravity of teak (Tectona grandis) in fast-growing plantations in Costa Rica. Journal of Forestry Research 2020; 31(2): 667-676.
  • Budiadi, Irwan SNR, Lestari LD, Madjid MIN, Arifin HS, Nurhayati, et al. Biodiversity, social adoptability, and preference toward managing medicinal plants in homegardens across elevations in the Menoreh Mountains, Kulonprogo District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 2025; 26(3): 1316-1324.
  • Budiadi, Widiyatno, Ishii H. Response of a clonal teak plantation to thinning and pruning in Java, Indonesia. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 2017; 29(1): 44-53.
  • Budiadi, Prianto SD, Kurniawan WA. 2012. Early growth response of an improved teak stand after thinning and pruning practices. Yogyakarta: Paper presented at the International Conference on New Perspectives of Tropical Forest Rehabilitation for Better Forest Functions and Management; 2012.
  • Budiadi, Sawitri, Primananda E, Jihad AN, Campera M, & Rahmawati RB. Integrating indigenous crops in agroforestry systems: Lesser yam and teak mixed systems are more profitable than monocultures in Indonesia. Plants, People, Planet, 2025; 1-13.
  • Cardoso DJ, Lacerda AEB, Rosot MAD, Garrastazú MC, Lima RT. Influence of spacing regimes on the development of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) in Southern Brazil. Forest Ecology Management 2013; 310: 761-769.
  • Chattopadhyay I, Biswas K, Bandyopadhyay U, & Banerjee RK. Turmeric and curcumin: Biological actions and medicinal applications. Current Science 2024; 87: 44-50.
  • Chen H, Zhang Z, Yang X, Ai X, Wang Y, Liu P. Effects of forest age and stand density on the growth, soil moisture content, and soil carbon content of Populus simoni plantations in the sandy area of western Liaoning, Northeast China. Scientific Reports 2025; 15(1); 2499.
  • Coulibaly JY, Chiputwa B, Nakelse T, Kundhlande G. Adoption of agroforestry and the impact on household food security among farmers in Malawi. Agricultural Systems 2017; 155: 52-69.
  • Cozmin M, Lungu II, Gutu C, Stefanache A, Duceac LD, Șoltuzu BD, et al. Turmeric: from spice to cure. A review of the anti-cancer, radioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of turmeric sourced compounds. Front. Nutr. 2024; 11: 1399888.
  • Datta P, Behera B. Climate change adaptation through agroforestry: empirical evidence from indian eastern himalayan foothills. In: Strategizing agricultural management for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Springer International Publishing 2023; 167-181.
  • Ellison D, Morris CE, Locatelli B, Sheil D, Cohen J, Murdiyarso D, et al. Trees, forests, and water: Cool insights for a hot world. Global Environmental Change 2017; 43: 51-61.
  • Fauzi MA, Mahfudz, Pudjiono S, Hamdan AA, Hasna TM, Wibowo A, et al. Beberapa jenis jati (Tectona sp), variasi dan potensi pemuliaannya. Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan. Jakarta; 2017.
  • Gulhane YS. Turmeric as a Medicinal Herb. IJARSCT 2025; 5(1): 22-36.
  • Hardiwinoto S, Fiqri A, Widiyatno. Application of selected teak clone and organic fertilizer to accelerate rehabilitation of lowland forest in java, indonesia. Biodiversitas 2021; 22(4); 1750-1756.
  • Hong Y, Heerink N, Jin S, Berentsen P, Zhang L, Van W. Intercropping and agroforestry in China - Current state and trends. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 2017; 244: 52-61.
  • Khasanah N, Perdana A, Rahmanullah A, Manurung G, Roshetko JM, Noordwijk M. Intercropping teak (Tectona grandis) and maize (Zea mays): bioeconomic trade-off analysis of agroforestry management practices in Gunungkidul, West Java. Agroforestry Systems 2015; 89(6): 1019-1033.
  • Kollert W, Kleine M. The global teak study: analysis, evaluation and potential of teak resources. Vienna: IUFRO World Series 2017; 36.
  • Kousar S, Ahmed F, Pervaiz A, Bojnec. Food insecurity, population growth, urbanization and water availability: The role of government stability. Sustainability 2021; 13(22): 1-19.
  • Lewerissa E. Agroforestri hutan jati (Tectona grandis) di desa gorua, kecamatan tobelo utara, kabupaten halmahera utara. Uniera 2016; 5(1); 53-60.
  • Li S, Yuan W, Deng G, Wang P, Yang P, Aggarwal BB. Chemical composition and product quality control of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Pharmaceuti Crops 2021; 2; 28-54.
  • Lorenza RD, Forgiono F, Bernardi A, Sacchi A, Laneri S, Greco G. Clinical studies on topical curcumin. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2023; 36: 235-248.
  • Maharani D, Sudomo A, Swestiani D, Murniati, Sabastian GE, Roshetko JM, et al. Intercropping tuber crops with teak in Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Agronomi 2022; 12(2): 1-20.
  • Ministry of Environment and Forestry. Statistik kehutanan indonesia 2011. Jakarta; 2012.
  • Ministry of Environment and Forestry. The State of Indonesia’s Forests 2024. Jakarta; 2024.
  • Montes, Castro R, Villanueva C, Pérez S, Uribe M. The tree used in horticulture-based alley cropping. Journal of Applied Horticulture 2019; 21(2): 87-100.
  • Morcillo H, Burgess, Mirck, Pantera, Plieninger. Scanning agroforestry-based solutions for climate change mitigation and adaptation in Europe. Enviromental Science and Policy 2017; 80: 44-52.
  • Na’iem M. Forest productivity enhancement based on intensive silviculture (SILIN): Efficiency strategy of forest area utilization. In: Nugraha A, editor. Darurat Hutan Indonesia, Mewujudkan Arsitektur Baru Kehutanan Indonesia. 2nd printing. Banten (Indonesia): Wana Aksara; 2014; 162-183.
  • Nelson KM, Dahlin JL, Bisson J, Graham J, Pauli GF, Walters MA. The essential medicinal chemistry of curcumin: miniperspective. J. Med. Chem 2017; 60, 1620-1637
  • OECD/FAO. OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2019-2028. Paris: OECD Publishing; 2019.
  • Pachas ANA, Sakanphet S, Soukkhy O, Lao M, Savathvong S, Newby JC, et al. Initial spacing of teak (Tectona grandis) in northern Lao PDR: Impacts on the growth of teak and companion crops. Forest Ecology and Management 2019; 435: 77-88.
  • Pachas ANA, Sakanphet S, Midgley S, Dieters M. Teak (Tectona grandis) silviculture and research: applications for smallholders in Lao PDR. Australian Forestry 2019; 82: 94-105.
  • Pamoengkas P, Rachmat HH, Khalifa N. The growth of shorea leprosula at various planting distances and slopes in gunung dahu research forest, bogor, indonesia. Biodiversitas journal of biological diversity 2020; 21(9); 4396-4404.
  • Perhutani. Seperempat abad pemuliaan jati perum perhutani. Cepu: Pusbang SDH Perhutani; 2006.
  • Perhutani. Statistik perum perhutani 2009-2013. Jakarta: Perum Perhutani; 2014.
  • Perhutani. Harga jual kayu bulat jati dan rimba tahun 2021. Jakarta: Keputusan Direksi Perhutani No. 183/KPTS/DIR/12/2020; 2020.
  • Prehaten D, Hardiwinoto S, Na’iem M, Supriyo H, Widiyatno, Rodiana D. Productivity of arrowroots and taro grown under superior teak clones with several levels of stand density. Biosaintifika 2021; 13(1): 51-57.
  • Pujar S, Madiwalar, Channabasappa, Kumar P. Performance of medicinal and aromatic plants as intercrops with teak. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2007; 20(1); 178-180.
  • Purnomo D, Budiastuti MS, Sakya AT, Cholid MI. The potential of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Earth Environ. Sci 2018: 142: 1-5.
  • Rahmawati RB, Hardiwinoto S, Widiyatno, Budiadi, Amin Y, Hasanusi A. Space planting, competition, and productivity of a seven-year-old clonal teak plantation in the East Java Monsoon Forest Area. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika 2021; 27(2): 123-131.
  • Rahmawati RB, Widiyatno, Hardiwinoto S, Budiadi, Nugroho WD, Wibowo A, et al. Effect of spacing on growth, carbon sequestration, and wood quality of 8-year-old clonal teak plantation for sustainable forest teak management in Java Monsoon Forest. Biodiversitas 2022; 23(8): 4180-4188.
  • Rahmawati RB, Hardiwinoto S, Widiyatno, Budiadi, Wibowo A. Productivity of clonal teak plantation under different spacing and thinning intensity in Java Monsoon Forest. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2024; 1299(1): 012004.
  • Rianse U, Abdi. Agroforestri: solusi sosial dan ekonomi pengelolaan sumber daya hutan. Bandung: Alfabeta; 2010.
  • Roshetko JM, Rohadi D, Perdana A, Sabastian G, Nuryartono N, Pramono AA, et al. Teak agroforestry systems for livelihood enhancement, industrial timber production, and environmental rehabilitation. Forests, Trees and Livelihoods 2013; 22(4): 241-256.
  • Salim Z, Munadi E. Info Komoditi Tanaman Obat. Jakarta; 2017.
  • Seta GW, Widiyatno, Hidayati F, Na’iem M. Impact of thinning and pruning on tree growth, stress wave velocity, and pilodyn penetration response of clonal teak (Tectona grandis) plantation. Forest Science Technology 2021; 17(2): 57-66.
  • Seviset S, Thanate P, Udomsak S, Ratthai P, Kananke R, Sittichai C. Mechanical property of 9 years old thinning of teak plantation in Thailand. MATEC Web of Conferences 2017; 95: 03004.
  • Shukla SR, Viswanath S. Comparative study on growth, wood quality and financial returns of teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) managed under three different agroforestry practices. Agroforestry Systems 2014; 88(2): 331-341.
  • Sudomo A & Hani A. Produktivitas talas (Colocasia esculenta L. Shott) di bawah tiga jenis tegakan dengan sistem agroforestri di lahan hutan rakyat. Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan 2014; 8; 100-107.
  • Sudomo A, Sebastian GE, Perdana A, Prameswati D, Roshetko JM. Intercropping of Zingiber officinale Var. Amarum on teak silviculture in Karangduwet, Paliyan, Gunung Kidul Yogyakarta. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019; 250: 012104.
  • Suprihatin T, Rahayu S, Rifa’i M, Widyarti S. Compounds in Turmeric Rhizome Powder (Curcuma longa L.) which have Potential as Antioxidants. Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi 2020; 5(1): 35-42.
  • Toker P, Huseyin C, Irfan T, Aslı I, Marvin S, Mojtaba K, Engin Y. The advantages of intercropping to improve productivity in food and forage production - a review, Plant Production Science 2024, 27(3), 155-169.
  • Tsujino R, Yumoto T, Kitamura S, Djamaluddin I, Darnaedi D. History of forest loss and degradation in Indonesia. Land Use Policy 2016; 57; 335-347.
  • Weih M, Mínguez MI, Tavoletti S. Intercropping Systems for Sustainable Agriculture. Agriculture 2022, 12, 291.
  • Widiyatno, Wibowo A, Dian N, Seta GW, Prehaten D, Hidayati F, et al. Effect of improved planting stock on tree growth, wood properties, and soil fertility of teak plantations 10 years after planting. Forest Science and Technology 2023; 20(1): 8-15.
  • Wirabuana PYAP, Hendrati RL, Baskorowati L, Susanto M, Mashudi, Sulistiadi HBS, et al. Growth performance, biomass accumulation, and energy production in age series of clonal teak plantation. For Sci Technol 2022; 18(2); 67-75.
  • Xianbang W, Mingping L, Kunliang L, Qiang H, Dongkang P, Haibin M, et al. Effects of intercropping teak with Alpinia katsumadai Hayata and Amomum longiligulare T.L. Wu on rhizosphere soil nutrients and bacterial community diversity, structure, and network. Frontiers in Microbiology 2024; 15: 1-14.
  • Yuliantika, S. Effect of light intensity on turmeric plant growth. Jurnal Penelitian Fisika dan Terapannya 2021; 2(2): 52-57.
  • Yustinianus R, Wunas J, Rifai Y, Ramli N. Curcumin content in extract of some rhizomes from Zingiberaceae family. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Sciences 2019; 4(1): 15-19.
  • Zahabu E, Tumaini R, Shabani A, Omari C, Iddi S, Rogers E. Effect of spacing regimes on growth, yield, and wood properties of Tectona grandis at Longuza Forest Plantation, Tanzania. International Journal of Forestry Research 2015; 3: 1-6.

Submetido em:
11/07/2025

Aceito em:
02/03/2026

6a3ac9ada9539516674b9962 floram Articles
2179-8087 (Eletrônico)
FLORAM ©2026 Todos os direitos reservados sobre o conteúdo deste website. Os artigos seguem suas próprias licenças.

FLORAM

Share this page
Page Sections