Dinizia excelsa Ducke and Hymenolobium excelsum Ducke are economically important species in the Legal Amazon, widely exploited for construction, shipbuilding, and rustic furniture, making them vulnerable to illegal extraction and extinction. This study aimed to map and predict the distribution of these species, assess their future environmental adaptations through ecological niche modeling, and identify priority areas for genetic conservation and sustainable use. Modeling was based on 19 bioclimatic variables, 14 soil properties, and four algorithms. Current distribution considered the reference period (2009–2019), while projections were evaluated under two climate scenarios (SSP2–4.5 and SSP5–8.5) for 2041–2060, 2061–2080, and 2081–2100. Results showed similar dispersion patterns, with reductions in suitable areas across most states, except Acre, where H. excelsum suitability increased. Overall, D. excelsa proved more sensitive to climatic variations. The modeling highlighted vulnerable areas and provided essential guidance for targeted conservation strategies under climate change scenarios.